The physics of centrifugal compressor perfromance, considering aerodynamics and thermodynamics, especially for real gases. Turbomachinery aerodynamics online course video lectures. Euler equation consider a control volume euler wheel rotating at the angular velocity. Estimate the energy and cost savings if the pressure is reduced to. A m pradeep, department of aerospace engineering, iit bombay. Lecture notes on advanced casting and welding acw course code. How the liquid is passed from stage to stage is discussed later in the notes on the casing. It will also introduce operating curves and explain their importance in compressor control. The moving blades exert a force on the fluid by virtue of their motion. Notice that the head h and ow rate q are provided by the two component of the same velocity vector c 2. Centrifugal compressor is widely used in chemical and petroleum refinery industry for specifies services.
Types of compressors centrifugal compressors for low pressure and high capacity application. A centrifugal pump is required to produce a flow of water at a rate of 0. Compressors are sometimes described by the following characteristics. In the last lecture we discussed the basic mechanisms of energy exchange in compressors and drew some simple velocity triangles to show how we go from the stationary coordinate system to one in the moving blades. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide sufficient knowledge to understand machine vibration diagnosis. Centrifugal compressor 1 mechanical engineering in. Osman khan, phd, pe, consultant mechanical engineering dept.
A turbocharger, or turbo is a centrifugal compressor powered by a turbine that is driven by an engines exhaust gases. Compressors separate document vacuum systems separate document references. Introduction to centrifugal compressor control atlas. Manual purpose to be used for selection, application into the system, power and cooling water estimation. Special university course for future engineers lecture notes. Types of compressors centrifugal compressors for low p. You may be tasked with solving a vibration problem, or you may be overseeing someone else and you need to. Compressors are used to move gases and vapors in situations where large pressure differences are necessary. Centrifugal compressor is widely used in chemical and petroleum. Rotating machinery rotor balancing the aim of rotor balancing is to achieve satisfactory running when installed on site. Compressor is a machine used to compressed air or gas to a final pressure exceeding 241.
The fluid dynamic design of advanced centrifugal compressors. Khalil encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Pdf study of the flow in centrifugal compressor researchgate. It is defined as the ratio of volume of air before compression to the volume of air after compression. Compressors and fans these are fluid dynamic devices, i. Positive displacement compressors include reciprocating piston types of various. The impeller has a uniform blade length, b, of 2 in. Basic aerothermodynamics of centrifugal compressors. These use work to increase the mechanical energy of a fluid, which in turn can increase the flow rate velocity, pressure, or elevation of the fluid.
This course will give you a basic understanding of centrifugal compressor control and the factors that can limit compressor capacity. Elliott group is a wholly owned subsidiary of ebara corporation, a major industrial conglomerate headquartered in tokyo, japan. Understand your process, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each centrifugal compressor configuration, in order to choose the optimal centrifugal compressor for your application. This manual does not for designing centrifugal compressor and those parts. View notes lecture 11 centrifugal compressors from oper 3100 at university of north carolina, charlotte. In the paper industry particularly, use of roll balancing methods that were satisfactory when paper machines were running at low. Its benefit lies with the compressor increasing the mass of air entering the engine forced induction, thereby resulting in greater performance for either, or both, power and efficiency. As the flow passes through the centrifugal impeller, the impeller forces the flow to spin faster as it gets further from the rotational axis. Centrifugal compressors mee 304 turbomachines lecture 11 dr. Rotating machinery rotor balancing lifetime reliability. The compressors in most gas turbine applications, especially units over 5mw, use axial. Centrifugal compressors need to be operated at the correct conditions to avoid surge or stonewall conditions.
The selecting the type of compressor depends largely on size, cost, and reliability requirements. Pdf the physics of centrifugal compressor perfromance. Troubleshooting compressor problems salemmbrothers. Compressors are work obsorbing devicesthey need a external agency to do some work before going to the concept of centrifugal compressors, we need to have basic knowledge of fluid and mechanical principles governing the energy transfer used in ce. Troubleshooting compressor problems compressor types and applications compressors are classified as either positive displacement, where intermittent flow is provided, or dynamic, which provides continuous flow of the air or gas being compressed. Increased aerodynamic efficiency elliott uses stateoftheart interactive design. Straight two stage through air passage for the length of the engine can be. Centrifugal pumps the centrifugal pump produces a head and a flow by increasing the velocity of the. Centrifugal compressor gas compressor turbomachinery scribd. Lecture notes reference materials for teachersinstructors. Rotary screw compressors in sizes from small in cars up to 500600 hp are very popular because of their high reliability and low maintenance requirements. Explains about the basic pumping operation and how to apply bernoullis eqn. Describe the maintenance procedures associated with motors.
A 150hp compressor runs 90% loaded 12 hours per day 5 days per week at a delivery pressure of 110psi. Report broken links to contact us compressors introduction download a practical guide to compressor technology second edition download atlas copco compressed air manual 8th. Pdf an unshrouded centrifugal compressor would give up clearance very large in. Multiple compressor system controls 36 6 compressed air auxiliary equipment 41 a. The operating characteristic of a pump at a speed of 1430 revmin and a rotor diameter of 125 mm is as follows. Centrifugal compressors are often used in sizes ranging from about 150 hp up to. Centrifugal flow compressors axial flow compressors normally one or the other is used, and the axial flow is common, although sometimes air is delivered to cornbustors by a combination of both types. Sorokes dresserrand selecting a centrifugal compressor inlet pressure p1 temperature t1. A brief tutorial on machine vibration by victor wowk, p. A centrifugal compressor is one of its class machines in producing a pressure rise and is known as turbo compressors.
Lecture notes on veer surendra sai university of technology. In the case where flow passes through a straight pipe to enter a centrifugal compressor the flow is straight, uniform and has no vorticity, ie swirling motion, so the swirl angle. Describe commercial refrigeration systems using centrifugal compressors. Describe the maintenance procedures associated with compressors. Unesco eolss sample chapters mechanical engineering types and performance of pumps and compressors essam e.
In this section of mechanical books you will find compressor handbook pdf for direct downlod. Dynamic compressors use a set of rotating blades to add velocity and pressure to fluid. Fluids are moved by pumps, fans, blowers, and compressors. In centrifugal compressors, energy is transferred by dynamic means from a rotating member or impeller to the continuously flowing working fluid. These use work to increase the mechanical energy of a fluid, which in turn can increase the.
This paper classifies the compressor types in the marketplace today, describes their structure, theory of operation, benefits, limitations and applications, along with comparisons showing capacity, efficiency, and cost differences. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. Service life longer, high pressure ratios, bigger size, and is relatively cheap. Lecture notes on turbomachinery mechanical engineering. Compressor is a machine used to compressed air or gas to a final.
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